One way to restriction pesticide use is to find suitable biological control agents to take their place. Parasitic wasps can be used by ranches, farmers and horse owners instead of pesticides to control fly populations. Filth flies, like house and stable flies, disturb horses and spread disease. Parasitoids have been proven an effective fly-management tool. Parasitic wasps lay eggs inside the fly’s puparium, a shell filled with fly larva. When the wasps hatch, they eat the pupa. There are two different types of parasitic wasp species, of which, have different manure preferences. The Muscidifurax species preferred bovine manure, and the Spalangia species preferred equine manure.
